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According to the World Health Organization more than 700,000 people each year — or one person every 40 seconds — die by suicide. Research suggests that for each adult who dies by suicide there may be 20 others who have attempted it or engaged in a form of self-harm.
Suicide accounts for around 1.3% of all deaths worldwide, with Low- and Middle-Income countries accounting for over 75%. Globally, suicide is ranked the 17th leading overall cause of death; alarmingly, among young adults it ranks fourth. The rate of suicide deaths for men is more than double that for women; yet sex disparity is uneven across regions, with a male-to-female ratio ranging from as low as 1.4 in the South-East Asia to nearly 4.0 in the Americas.
The wide variations in suicide and self-harm rates around the world is the product of many complex factors: the availability and quality of mental health provision and treatment clearly plays a role; as do recognition and understanding of suicide, ethnocultural and socioeconomic issues.
This Collection provides a forum for sociological and psychological perspectives on suicide and non-suicidal self harm.
We invite original research (qualitative and quantitative), theoretical and conceptual papers, systematic reviews, and case studies primarily from anthropology, sociology, human geography, demography, and psychological science. We are also open to non-psycho-sociocentric perspectives from allied fields such as philosophy and the medical humanities. Research from the clinical sciences, psychiatry, neuroscience or nursing will not be considered in scope.
Scholarship on the following — as well as related areas — is welcomed:
Conceptual and theoretical framing of suicide and non-suicidal self-harm
Cross-cultural, ethnoracial, demographic, and comparative perspectives
Predictors and risk factors (e.g., socioeconomic factors, social environment, etc)
Relational, behavioural, communicative and interactional dimensions
Role of technology/cyberspace in prevention and exacerbation
Youth suicide/self-harm
Prevention strategies (e.g., health care provision, education and awareness, etc).
Suicide, one of the top causes of life lost in developed countries, is a major health problem, especially today, with the dramatic increase in mental health difficulties that was triggered during the Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Opportunely, the recent emergence of internet-based crowdsourcing platforms (e.g., Amazon’s Mechanical Turk) may accelerate research on suicide prevention, however, this type of suicide research online involves a difficult ethical challenge: how to keep participants’ safe without compromising their privacy. To address this ethical challenge, a consortium of experts from multiple research institutions was assembled. The consortium discussed the advantages and disadvantages for participants involved in crowdsourcing-based studies that address suicide risk. This discussion resulted in a consensual step-by-step protocol for researchers who wish to conduct suicide research online, using the crowdsourcing platforms. This article provides a detailed description of the protocol and outlines key ethical arguments that led to its formulation. Unresolved issues are discussed as well and other researchers are encouraged to implement the proposed protocol and suggest further improvements. It is our hope that the current protocol will facilitate the research on large and diverse populations online and thus contribute to the global efforts to reduce suicide rates around the world.