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Biodiversity loss and climate change due to overexploitation of our natural resources is making it increasingly urgent to understand how to interact sustainably with our natural surroundings. Archaeological, anthropological and palaeoecological studies investigating the interactions between humans and their environments can provide the opportunity for us to learn from our past.
Humans have been evolving with their environments for millions of years. While we have adapted to environmental and climatic conditions, we have also engineered our own environments. Early hominins navigated an expanding African grassland on two legs, eventually learning to utilize surrounding stone to create increasingly complex toolkits. Those toolkits facilitated the expansion of our ancestors across the globe, where they were faced with unknown environments, often unforgiving and harsh. Humans then domesticated plants and animals, supporting growing populations, and leading to more intensive modifications of land for agriculture and habitation.
In this Collection, we welcome submissions furthering our understanding of the interactions between humans and our environment, from the origins of ancient hominins up to recent history. We are seeking multi-disciplinary research spanning archaeology, anthropology and palaeoecology, leveraging diverse types of data and approaches. All studies should follow our guidelines for inclusion & ethics in global research (https://www.nature.com/nature-portfolio/editorial-policies/authorship#authorship-inclusion-and-ethics-in-global-research) and we particularly encourage research on Indigenous archaeology performed with full engagement of relevant stakeholders.
Preservation of oral microbiome ancient DNA from Oceania is much better than human ancient DNA. The authors leverage this to demonstrate that oral microbial community composition in Oceania is not only distinct from the rest of the world, but it may also be associated with patterns of ancient human migration in the region.
The palaeoenvironmental context for early hominins in northern Africa during the Plio-Pleistocene transition is poorly documented. Here, the authors present multiproxy palaeoecological evidence for heterogeneous open grasslands, forested areas, wetlands, and seasonal aridity from Guefaït-4.2 in Morocco.
Combining radiocarbon dating with ethnohistory, the authors describe the timing and tempo of the spread of peaches in eastern North America after the fruit’s introduction. They show that peaches were cultivated and managed by Indigenous communities independently of influence from Spanish colonizers.
Anatomically modern humans dispersed through Europe during the Upper Palaeolithic. Here, the authors model this dispersal combining archaeological, paleoclimate, and palaeoecological data and investigating how these variables impacted human demographic processes.
The speed and route by which Homo sapiens colonised Sahul is an ongoing topic of research. Here, the authors model the physical environment as it changes through time in combination with Lévy walk foraging patterns to suggest a wave of dispersal following coastlines and rivers.
The origin and dispersal of the chicken across Eurasia is unclear. Here, the authors examine eggshell fragments from southern Central Asia with paleoproteomics to identify chicken eggshells, suggesting that chickens may have been an important dietary component as early as 400BCE.
Lithic cutting-edge productivity is a way of quantifying prehistoric human technological evolution. Here, the authors examine the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition across eight assemblages in the eastern Mediterranean, finding the transition to be later than expected and associated with bladelet technology development.
Marine food resources are commonly thought to have become marginal food or abandoned altogether with the spread of agriculture in Europe. Here, the authors use biomarkers in dental calculus to track widespread consumption of seaweed and aquatic plants through the Neolithic and into the Early Middle Ages.
Here, the authors compare 76 dental calculus oral microbiomes from Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers with Neolithic and Copper Age farmers living in the same region of Italy. Integrating these data with archaeological data and dietary information, they find evidence of a gradual transition to agriculture.
The influence of climate on premodern civil conflict and societal instability is debated. Here, the authors combine archeological, historical, and paleoclimatic datasets to show that drought between 1400-1450 cal. CE escalated civil conflict at Mayapan, the largest Postclassic Maya capital of the Yucatán Peninsula.
‘Commercial fisheries have decimated keystone species, including oysters in the past 200 years. Here, the authors examine how Indigenous oyster harvest in North America and Australia was managed across 10,000 years, advocating for effective future stewardship of oyster reefs by centering Indigenous peoples.’